Overview
The common cold is a usually harmless infection of the upper respiratory tract that develops step by step: it often starts with a scratchy or sore throat, followed by a runny nose and cough. Symptoms peak after two to three days and then gradually ease. In most people, a cold resolves on its own without any lasting effects.
Common causes
Colds are triggered by a wide range of viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses. They spread through droplets released when coughing and sneezing, as well as via contaminated hands and surfaces. Close contact in enclosed spaces, particularly during the cold season, makes transmission more likely. A weakened immune system, lack of sleep, stress and dry indoor heating air can further increase susceptibility.
When to see a doctor
A medical check-up is advisable if symptoms last longer than about ten days or clearly worsen, in the case of high or renewed fever, severe throat or ear pain, or purulent sputum. People with pre-existing conditions, pregnant women, young children and older adults should seek advice sooner. In the event of acute shortness of breath, tightness in the chest or drowsiness, call the emergency number 112.