Overview
Insomnia refers to persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep despite having enough opportunity to sleep. Many people go through temporary phases of poor sleep that resolve on their own. When the problems last for weeks and noticeably affect everyday life, this is known as chronic insomnia, which can usually be treated well with appropriate support.
Common causes
Common triggers include stress as well as work or personal pressures and worries that fuel racing thoughts at night. Unhelpful sleep habits, irregular sleep times, caffeine, alcohol, or screen use in the evening can also disturb sleep. Physical illnesses, pain, and hormonal changes are risk factors, as are mental strains such as anxiety or low mood. Some medications can additionally affect sleep.
When to see a doctor
A medical evaluation is advisable if sleep problems last longer than a few weeks, clearly affect everyday life, or come with pronounced daytime sleepiness. Warning signs include loud snoring with breathing pauses, ongoing exhaustion despite sleeping, and a persistently low mood. In acute crises with suicidal thoughts, please call the emergency number 112 immediately or the crisis helpline (in Germany: Telefonseelsorge 0800 111 0 111).