Overview
Hair loss (effluvium) refers to shedding of scalp hair beyond the normal daily amount. It may appear as gradual thinning, round bald patches, or an even, diffuse loss across the scalp. Depending on the form, it can progress slowly or be temporary. A medical assessment helps determine the type and select the appropriate treatment.
Common causes
The most common form is androgenetic alopecia, a hereditary and hormone-related sensitivity of the hair follicles. Diffuse hair loss often results from nutrient deficiencies (such as iron or zinc), thyroid disorders, stress, infections, fever, or in the months following a pregnancy. Certain medications and autoimmune processes, as in alopecia areata, can also trigger it. The precise cause largely determines further treatment.
When to see a doctor
A medical evaluation is advisable with sudden or rapidly progressing hair loss, bald patches, an inflamed, flaking or scarring scalp, and additional symptoms such as fatigue or weight changes that may point to an underlying condition. Ongoing psychological strain caused by the hair loss also warrants a conversation. With fever and a severely painful, pus-filled scalp, you should seek medical attention promptly.